Iron deficiency anemia in children

Ranging from the total amount of iron in the body of the newborn a newborn is between (1 / 2 - 1) g, while the adults in this quantity between (4.5 - 5) g, which is enough for the nail industry average size and length. In order to build a new baby this shortfall in the reserve of iron he does every day is equivalent to (1 - 1.5) mg of this material, and over a period of his life, including that only ten percent of the iron that connects to the intestine is absorbed, so it must be that the form n meal food contains any child on the amount of iron not less than (10-15) mg / day.


Iron is absorbed in the medial part of the small intestine proximal, and specifically in the duodenum and the duodenum fasting jejunum.



Factors that help to absorb iron, namely:

1.

Increase the body's need for it.
2.

Acidity of the stomach.
3.

Vitamin C (C c).

While on the contrary, there are factors which reduce the absorption:

1.

Alkaline pancreatic.
2.

And phosphate materials.
3.

All leading cause of injury to the small intestine mucosa, especially the duodenum and the jejunum.
4.

Finally, surgery on the stomach and intestines, which reduces the surface absorption.

Iron that is absorbed into the blood, is distributed in the body on the following places:

1.

Red blood pigment hemoglobin:
Which represent two-thirds iron body about, so the loss of blood, and for whatever reason, is one of the most important causes of loss of iron, enough to demonstrate this fact to recall that each (1 cm 3) of the blood that contains (half mg) of iron, while (1 cm 3) of the red blood cells containing (1 mg) of iron.
2.

Iron stores stores:
They are of two types:
1.

Stores animated serum ferritin: a special type of protein, carrying iron and was associated with, the average concentration in the blood (35 ng / ml), and the deficiency is considered one of the most important indications of iron deficiency laboratory.
2.

Stores fixed hemosiderin: distributed in the liver and bone marrow, and the lack or absence of such material from the bone marrow is the most important and earliest signs of iron deficiency anemia as well.
3.

Iron serum serum iron:
And ranged between (50-120 mg / dL = 100 ml) in children, and (70-160 mg / dl = 100 ml) in adults.
4.

Yeasts body enzymes:
Enter the iron in the composition of many of the enzymes the body so the shortage is reflected in the work of these enzymes, including:
(Catalase, pyroxidase, mono amin oxidase, cytochrome)

Causes of iron deficiency:
The most important causes of iron deficiency in the body are:

1.

Blood loss: Pena has explained earlier, and therefore that the menstrual cycle in women of the most important causes of anemia to iron deficiency to them.
2.

Lack of iron contained food: where there's a lot of iron in meat, and vegetables with less in the milk is by the very poor (the amount of iron does not exceed half a mg in a liter of milk of both types of human and bovine).
3.

Imbalance in the absorption of the duodenum and fast (see the factors that help or reduce absorption).

The clinical picture:
Tend to show symptoms of iron deficiency anemia in children yen to the ninth month of the twenty-fourth month of age. Perhaps the most important signs and symptoms of this disease are:

1.

Pallor: a remarkable and Lecco in the mucous membranes of the conjunctiva, and in the lips, and sweaty palms, and nail bed. If the progress of the disease shall be pale and clear in all parts of the skin.
2.

Poor appetite
3.

Changes in the skin and mucous membranes
4.

Bite the dust
5.

Splenomegaly (10-15% of cases)
6.

Symptoms and neurological signs: and see the cases of chronic and non-treatment (such as jitters and nervousness).

Laboratory tests:
When there is lack of iron in the body, changes occur according to a specific sequence, and the first to be affected are:

1.

Warehouse: decreases iron pigment in the bone marrow Hemosidrene or disappears completely, as less protein associated with iron in the serum of blood serum ferritin below (10 ng / ml) = 35 ng / ml) n).
2.

Then the blood changes hematological changes
*

Decreases serum iron in the blood serum iron below (30 mg / dL) (50 - 120 microgram / dl).
*

Increasing saturation ratios and total iron in the blood (total iron binding capacity (tibc to more than (350 mg / dL) (350 mcg / dl - 250).
*

And less than the percentage of transferrin saturation saturation to less than (15%) (normal = 33%).
*

Then gradually decreased hemoglobin blood ...
*

And changes occur in the famous bloody red ball, so small ball microcytic, hypopigmented hypochromic, and less all amounts to an absolute red corpuscle (corpuscular volume MCV, hemoglobin concentration of middle MCH, and the concentration of hemoglobin in the unit volumes of red blood cells MCHC.
3.

And the last to be affected by iron deficiency is the yeast ENZYM DEPLETION Among the most important aspects of vulnerability:
*

Anorexia anorexia
*

Agitation irritability
*

Changes in neurological and psychological neurological changes

Treatment
Ferrous iron salts are given by mouth are preferred in the treatment, it is rich in iron, and easy absorption, and cheap, and few side effects. One of Mrs. Mubarak: (ferrous sulphate, f.gluconate, f. fumarate) daily dose (6 mg / kg / day) for three doses after a meal (drops for infants, and syrup for children).
Continue treatment until you return to normal blood data, then add the period (4-6) weeks to fill the empty stores. Another affected by iron deficiency (a yeast) is the first to recover with treatment, and is within (12-24 hours), where improved appetite, and neurological symptoms fade.


Then begin the data better blood, and it takes a period ranging from (36 hours) to (month). Becoming more and more cellular bone marrow, and reticulocytes retcs abound in the blood circulation, and high hemoglobin in the blood, and take the red blood cells characteristics and natural forms.


Then begin to fill up empty stores, and this is the last phase of treatment, may take (1-3) months.


It remains to say a final word on treatment: it is unnecessary to give the iron by intramuscular injection, due to the ease given by mouth, unless the patient so, and if we decide that Act the expense of injection is as follows: the need for total iron (mg) = (the amount of hemoglobin required lifting the body weight × × 3).


With best wishes for the health of our children dear permanent.